Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, with neonates emerging as a uniquely vulnerable population. This chapter provides a condensed yet informative analysis of COVID-19 in neonates, encompassing key aspects such as incidence, epidemiology, symptoms, treatment, and guidelines. The chapter commences by addressing the origins of SARS-CoV-2 and the pathobiology involved in the disease, continued by a discussion of rates of COVID-19 in neonates, and potential routes of maternal-fetal transmission. An in-depth exploration of neonatal symptoms follows, revealing common clinical presentations and treatment options for neonatal COVID-19 cases are then assessed. Simultaneously, established guidelines and protocols for neonatal COVID-19 management are presented, encompassing diagnostic testing, infection prevention, isolation measures, and the imperative role of maternal vaccination in safeguarding neonatal health. A notable highlight of the chapter is an in-depth focus on MIS-C, a rare but severe inflammatory condition associated with COVID-19 observed in neonates and children. This concise yet comprehensive chapter emphasizes the imperative need for continued research and vigilance in addressing COVID-19’s impact on neonates. Moreover, insights into the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and MIS-C highlight potential long-term implications, underscoring the significance of understanding the virus’s effects on the developing immune system. In light of the ongoing pandemic’s complexities, this in-depth analysis aims to contribute to evidence-based strategies in protecting and managing neonates.