Racial and Gender Disparities among Obese Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Trend Analysis in the United States

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer death. Obesity can increase the risk of PC by up to 50%. Studies have shown racial and gender disparities in PC, however, there is a paucity of such information in obese PC patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to: (1) evaluate the incidence and prevalence of obesity among PC patients in the United States over the last 15 years, and (2) determine if variation exists in the demographic of obese PC patients over the last 15 years. It is hoped that this information could be used to assist in primary prevention and early detection of PC. Methods: A population-based retrospective analysis in IBM Explorys, a pooled, national, deidentified database of 63 million patients from 300 hospitals in the United States. Patient populations were identified using SNOMED and ICD codes. Cochrane-Armitage testing was performed to analyze trends in obesity among PC. Subgroup analysis for gender, age, race, and mortality rate were assessed. Results: The percentage of obese patients with PC increased over the 15-year period (2.5% to 8.5%, P<0.0001). Rates of obesity among PC patients increased among females (P=0.0004), individuals under age 65 years (P=0.0002), and all races, but especially for African Americans (P=0.0007) and those in minority groups. Conclusion: Awareness of disparities in PC and applying targeted care to those at increased risk are essential to improve future outcomes, including increased health care access and recruitment in research studies for minority groups.