Phase I trial of echinomycin (NSC 526417), a bifunctional intercalating agent, administered by 24-hour continuous infusion

Echinomycin was administered to 43 patients with advanced cancer in escalating doses ranging from 60 to 2128 mcg/m². The dose-limiting toxicity of echinomycin administered as a 24-h continuous infusion every 28 days was nausea and vomiting beginning at the end of the 24 h infusion and lasting from 3 to 8 days. Other toxicities included sporadic thrombocytopenia and biochemical evidence of liver dysfunction characterized by elevations in SGOT. Peripheral vein phlebitis was noted in 100% of patients, and watery diarrhea of 24-48-h duration was noted in 7% of patients. The maximally tolerated dose of echinomycin was 2128 mcg/m². The recommended dose for phase II trials utilizing the 24-h continuous infusion schedule is 1600 mcg/m² repeated every 28 days with pretreatment antiemetics.