Osteostimulative calcium phosphosilicate biomaterials partially restore the cytocompatibility of decontaminated titanium surfaces in a peri-implantitis model

Bacterial peri-implant biofilms, and the chemotherapeutics for their removal alter titanium surface cytocompatibility. In this study we aimed to assess the adjunctive use of an osteostimulative biomaterial utilizing a peri-implantitis model under the hypothesis that it will increase cell migration towards treated titanium surfaces. Acid-etched titanium surfaces were inoculated with a multi-species biofilm model and treated with 1.5% NaOCl in a previously characterized in vitro peri-implantitis model. Cell migration of MG63 cells towards the treated titanium surface (CTRL) was significantly reduced following inoculation with biofilm and chemotherapeutic treatment as compared to sterile controls. Addition of a tricalcium phosphate biomaterial (TCP) as a control for Ca⁺² had a small non-significant effect, while BG significantly increased MG63 chemotaxis to titanium to levels comparable to sterile (STE). Similarly, cell viability at 5 days was increased in BG and TCP as compared to CTRL. SEM imaging confirmed the improved cytocompatibility of BG and TCP surfaces as compared to CTRL. Osteostimulative BG exhibited a strong chemotactic effect to osteoblasts, which was stronger than what was expected due to the chemotactic effect of Ca⁺² alone (TCP). In addition, substantially increased cell attachment and viability was found on treated implant surfaces as compared to CTRL.