Online Applications for Cancer Social Support: A Review of Reviews

Online cancer social-support groups (OCSSGs) are essential for providing emotional support, information exchange, and connection to individuals affected by cancer. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in the evidence syntheses of OCSSGs. Therefore, we reviewed 16 eligible reviews, predominantly published between 2011 and 2021 and primarily contributed by researchers from the USA and Australia. While patients with various types of cancer were studied, breast cancer and women were more extensively investigated as compared with other cancer types and males. Various OCSSG applications were identified, with Facebook groups, Twitter, and CHESS (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System) consistently highlighted. Positive or mixed health outcomes, including improved quality of life, reduced stress, and decreased anxiety, were reported across all reviews. However, notable gaps remain in research, including the need to investigate cancer types beyond breast cancer, explore enterprise-hosted OCSSG applications and applications for non-English speaking patients, validate theoretical frameworks, provide technology guidelines for OCSSG adoption and adherence, and address ethical considerations for monitored or peer-led support. Our findings warrant further research in this field.