TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Kidney
T2 - Potential Roles in Normal Renal Function and in Renal Dysfunction
AU - Hill-Kapturczak, Nathalie
AU - Kapturczak, Matthias H.
AU - Malinski, Tadeusz
AU - Gross, Peter
PY - 1995/1/1
Y1 - 1995/1/1
N2 - A detailed overview of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in the kidney is presented. Physiologically, constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases have been detected in basically all vascular segments of the kidney, including all large vessels and arterioles that are primarily involved in the regulation of renal hemodynamics. It was observed that nitric oxide increases renal blood flow, decreases renal vascular resistance, and exerts variable effects on glomerular filtration rate depending on the experimental conditions. In addition, macula densa generated nitric oxide appears to mediate tubuloglomerular feedback. Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases have also been delineated in most renal tubular segments. The inner medullary collecting duct was shown to contain the highest amount of constitutive nitric oxide synthase as compared to other nephron segments. It appears that nitric oxide may directly enhance tubular reabsorption in the collecting duct and the proximal tubule. Pressure-natriuresis, which may be a combination of both hemodynamic effects and an influence on tubular transport, may also be influenced directly and/or indirectly by nitric oxide. Due to its diverse functions, nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several renal diseases. Cyclosporin A toxicity, renal mass reduction, glomerular thrombosis, and ureteral obstruction, have all been found to be associated with diminished nitric oxide. On the other hand, incipient diabetes mellitus, ischemic acute renal failure, renal dysfunction of septic shock, advanced liver cirrhosis, and glomerulonephritis appear to be related to overabundant nitric oxide synthesis. Much has been learned regarding nitric oxide and the kidney, however, important questions remain to be clarified. Exciting new developments in nitric oxide research, including selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and alterations of the nitric oxide synthase gene(s), will add to the present understanding of nitric oxide. The kidney will probably turn out to be an organ amenable to some nitric oxide related therapeutic interventions.
AB - A detailed overview of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in the kidney is presented. Physiologically, constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases have been detected in basically all vascular segments of the kidney, including all large vessels and arterioles that are primarily involved in the regulation of renal hemodynamics. It was observed that nitric oxide increases renal blood flow, decreases renal vascular resistance, and exerts variable effects on glomerular filtration rate depending on the experimental conditions. In addition, macula densa generated nitric oxide appears to mediate tubuloglomerular feedback. Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases have also been delineated in most renal tubular segments. The inner medullary collecting duct was shown to contain the highest amount of constitutive nitric oxide synthase as compared to other nephron segments. It appears that nitric oxide may directly enhance tubular reabsorption in the collecting duct and the proximal tubule. Pressure-natriuresis, which may be a combination of both hemodynamic effects and an influence on tubular transport, may also be influenced directly and/or indirectly by nitric oxide. Due to its diverse functions, nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several renal diseases. Cyclosporin A toxicity, renal mass reduction, glomerular thrombosis, and ureteral obstruction, have all been found to be associated with diminished nitric oxide. On the other hand, incipient diabetes mellitus, ischemic acute renal failure, renal dysfunction of septic shock, advanced liver cirrhosis, and glomerulonephritis appear to be related to overabundant nitric oxide synthesis. Much has been learned regarding nitric oxide and the kidney, however, important questions remain to be clarified. Exciting new developments in nitric oxide research, including selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and alterations of the nitric oxide synthase gene(s), will add to the present understanding of nitric oxide. The kidney will probably turn out to be an organ amenable to some nitric oxide related therapeutic interventions.
KW - acute renal failure
KW - amino acid infusion
KW - cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity
KW - diabetic nephropathy
KW - glomerular thrombosis
KW - glomerulonephritis
KW - hypertension
KW - hypotension
KW - nitric oxide
KW - renal mass reduction
KW - uremia
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U2 - 10.3109/10623329509024671
DO - 10.3109/10623329509024671
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:0029598424
SN - 1062-3329
VL - 3
SP - 253
EP - 299
JO - Endothelium
JF - Endothelium
IS - 4
ER -