Neonatology fellow assessment and evaluation: embracing the word salad of CBME, EPAs, and milestones

Neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship training aims to educate fellows and enable them to move into successful independent neonatal practice. To reach this goal, every fellow must acquire a wide range of clinical, scholarly, and professional skills that require assessment and evaluation by the fellowship program. The assessment and evaluation of fellow progression and promotion must rely on a rigorous educational framework. The goal of this article is to illustrate the process of NPM fellow assessment and evaluation, introduce the educational framework utilized, describe challenges inherent to the process, and discuss opportunities to improve how NPM fellows are evaluated.