TY - JOUR
T1 - Melatonin, xanthurenic acid, resveratrol, EGCG, vitamin C and α-lipoic acid differentially reduce oxidative DNA damage induced by Fenton reagents
T2 - A study of their individual and synergistic actions
AU - López-Burillo, Silvia
AU - Tan, Dun Xian
AU - Mayo, Juan C.
AU - Sainz, Rosa M.
AU - Manchester, Lucien C.
AU - Reiter, Russel J.
PY - 2003/5
Y1 - 2003/5
N2 - DNA damage generated by oxygen-derived free radicals is related to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and aging. In the last several years, hundreds of publications have confirmed that melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger. In the present in vitro study, we have examined the efficacy of three polyphenolic antioxidants, i.e. xanthurenic acid, resveratrol (3,4′, 5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and two classical non-polyphenolic antioxidants, i.e. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and α-lipoic acid (LA, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid) in inhibiting •OH-induced oxidative DNA damage. We compared the efficacy of these five antioxidants with the effectiveness of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and we also investigated the possible synergistic effects of melatonin with the other five molecules. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in purified calf thymus DNA treated with the Fenton reagents, chromium(III) (as CrCl3) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Cr(III)/H2O2), was measured in the presence or absence of the antioxidants alone or in combination with melatonin. 8-OH-dG is considered a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Among the antioxidants tested, melatonin was the most effective of these with an IC50 = 3.6 ± 0.1 μM. For the other antioxidants the IC50 values were as follows: xanthurenic acid (IC50 = 7.9 ± 0.3), resveratrol (IC50 = 10.9 ± 0.3), EGCG (IC50 = 5.7 ± 0.3), vitamin C (IC50 = 16.9 ± 0.5) and LA (IC50 = 38.8 ± 0.7). These values differ from that of melatonin with a P < 0.01. Melatonin (1 μM) reversed the pro-oxidant effect of resveratrol (0.5 μM) and vitamin C (0.5 μM), had an antagonistic effect when used in combination with EGCG (1 μM) and it exhibited synergism in combination with vitamin C (0.5 μM) and with LA (5 μM).
AB - DNA damage generated by oxygen-derived free radicals is related to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and aging. In the last several years, hundreds of publications have confirmed that melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger. In the present in vitro study, we have examined the efficacy of three polyphenolic antioxidants, i.e. xanthurenic acid, resveratrol (3,4′, 5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and two classical non-polyphenolic antioxidants, i.e. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and α-lipoic acid (LA, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid) in inhibiting •OH-induced oxidative DNA damage. We compared the efficacy of these five antioxidants with the effectiveness of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and we also investigated the possible synergistic effects of melatonin with the other five molecules. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in purified calf thymus DNA treated with the Fenton reagents, chromium(III) (as CrCl3) plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Cr(III)/H2O2), was measured in the presence or absence of the antioxidants alone or in combination with melatonin. 8-OH-dG is considered a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Among the antioxidants tested, melatonin was the most effective of these with an IC50 = 3.6 ± 0.1 μM. For the other antioxidants the IC50 values were as follows: xanthurenic acid (IC50 = 7.9 ± 0.3), resveratrol (IC50 = 10.9 ± 0.3), EGCG (IC50 = 5.7 ± 0.3), vitamin C (IC50 = 16.9 ± 0.5) and LA (IC50 = 38.8 ± 0.7). These values differ from that of melatonin with a P < 0.01. Melatonin (1 μM) reversed the pro-oxidant effect of resveratrol (0.5 μM) and vitamin C (0.5 μM), had an antagonistic effect when used in combination with EGCG (1 μM) and it exhibited synergism in combination with vitamin C (0.5 μM) and with LA (5 μM).
KW - (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
KW - 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine
KW - Chromium
KW - Hydroxyl radical
KW - Lipoic acid
KW - Melatonin
KW - Resveratrol
KW - Vitamin C
KW - Xanthurenic acid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0037404268&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0037404268&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00041.x
DO - 10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00041.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 12662349
AN - SCOPUS:0037404268
SN - 0742-3098
VL - 34
SP - 269
EP - 277
JO - Journal of pineal research
JF - Journal of pineal research
IS - 4
ER -