Introduction

Diagnosis in dermatology is a complex puzzle in which physical examination plays a primary role, especially when it comes to non-neoplastic dermatoses. Indeed, analysis of localization, distribution, and morphological details (color, surface, shape, margins, etc.) of the lesions may allow the clinician to either make a specific diagnosis or narrow the differential diagnosis to a limited number of conditions. Of note, while in the past physical examination was intended only as clinical assessment, over the last few years dermoscopic analysis has become an important complement for the evaluation of the patients. Importantly, skin phototype may significantly affect presentation of many dermatoses, from both clinical and dermoscopic points of view. In general, such differences are due to the diverse background of color and specific reaction patterns that are encountered more commonly in dark phototypes (IV–VI), such as lability of pigment and greater tendency for follicular or sclerotic reactions. In this chapter, we will address the general differences about the assessment of non-neoplastic dermatoses based on the skin tone.