HIV Neuropathy—a Review of Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pain

Purpose of Review: This article is a systematic review of data from 2018 to 2020 regarding information from publications on epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advancements in human immunodeficiency virus–associated peripheral neuropathy. Recent Findings: The epidemiology/pathology of HIV neuropathy is discussed. Diagnostics includes skin wrinkling-eutectic mixture of local anesthetic test and neurologic examinations. Therapeutic interventions include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management as well as self-management strategies. Summary: Peripheral neuropathy continues to affect the lives of persons living with HIV. First-line treatment with pregabalin or gabapentin for HIV neuropathic pain has limited data on adequate response. Exercise and self-management strategies may provide benefit in pain reduction. Continuing research on risk factors and biomarkers for HIV-related peripheral neuropathy will be critical for future diagnostic and therapeutic agents.