TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence of vaccinia dissemination despite lack of major reaction following smallpox vaccination
AU - Delacruz, Wilfred P.
AU - Savona, Michael R.
AU - Thornton, Jennifer A.
AU - Danaher, Patrick J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the official policy of the Department of Defense or other Departments of the US Government. The voluntary, fully informed consent of the subjects described in this research was obtained as required by 32 CFR 219 and AFI 40-402, Protection of Human Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The work reported herein was performed under United States Air Force Surgeon General-approved Clinical Investigation No. FDG20030013H.
Funding Information:
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This study was funded by the United States Air Force Surgeon General.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2020/2/11
Y1 - 2020/2/11
N2 - Following vaccinia vaccination, vesicle formation at the site occurs in 95% of primary vaccinees and is thought to indicate virus replication and vaccine efficacy. Little is known about virus replication and immune response in those who do not develop a vesicle. We used PCR to detect vaccinia in various sites following receipt of the smallpox vaccine in those with and without vesicle formation. Among 80 participants, 74 developed and 6 failed to develop a vesicle. Vaccinia DNA was detected in the blood, in the oropharynx, on the dressing, and on the hands of 5%, 11%, 4%, and 0% of those with vesicle formation and of 33%, 17%, 0%, and 17% of those without vesicle formation, respectively (p > 0.05 for each site). The detection of systemic vaccinia DNA in vaccinees without vesicle formation challenges the current understanding that lack of vesicle formation indicates lack of virus replication, the prerequisite to immune response.
AB - Following vaccinia vaccination, vesicle formation at the site occurs in 95% of primary vaccinees and is thought to indicate virus replication and vaccine efficacy. Little is known about virus replication and immune response in those who do not develop a vesicle. We used PCR to detect vaccinia in various sites following receipt of the smallpox vaccine in those with and without vesicle formation. Among 80 participants, 74 developed and 6 failed to develop a vesicle. Vaccinia DNA was detected in the blood, in the oropharynx, on the dressing, and on the hands of 5%, 11%, 4%, and 0% of those with vesicle formation and of 33%, 17%, 0%, and 17% of those without vesicle formation, respectively (p > 0.05 for each site). The detection of systemic vaccinia DNA in vaccinees without vesicle formation challenges the current understanding that lack of vesicle formation indicates lack of virus replication, the prerequisite to immune response.
KW - Immunity
KW - Major reaction
KW - Polymerase chain reaction
KW - Smallpox vaccination
KW - Vaccinia
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U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.046
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.046
M3 - Article
C2 - 31899026
AN - SCOPUS:85077355885
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 38
SP - 1589
EP - 1592
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 7
ER -