Considerations for Surgery in Hostile Zones

Identifiable factors exist that impact the challenge of operations and increase propensity for disastrous situations. When present and recognized, heightened awareness and mitigating action should be employed. Situations involving re-operation, infection or cancer, transition zones, or limited surgical exposures are a fertile environment for untoward vascular complications and can pose their own unique challenges for escape. Understanding when such conditions are contributory followed by preoperative preparation and planning are the best tools for delivery of a desirable outcome.