@article{23b9e25fbc6040babbc456272da8f135,
title = "Adaptation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 to humoral immunity at a population level",
abstract = "By comparing HIV-1 variants from people who became infected at the beginning of the epidemic and from people who have recently contracted the virus, we observed an enhanced resistance of the virus to antibody neutralization over time, accompanied by an increase in the length of the variable loops and in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites on the HIV-1 envelope gp120 subunit. The enhanced neutralization resistance of HIV-1 in contemporary seroconverters coincided with the poorer elicitation of neutralizing antibody responses, which may have implications for vaccine design.",
author = "Bunnik, {Evelien M.} and Zelda Euler and Welkers, {Matthijs R.A.} and Boeser-Nunnink, {Brigitte D.M.} and Grijsen, {Marlous L.} and Prins, {Jan M.} and Hanneke Schuitemaker",
note = "Funding Information: The Amsterdam Cohort Studies on HIV infection and AIDS, a collaboration between the Amsterdam Health Service, the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, the University Medical Center Utrecht and the Jan van Goyen Clinic are part of The Netherlands HIV Monitoring Foundation and are financially supported by the Center for Infectious Disease Control of The Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. This study was financially supported by the Dutch AIDS fund (grant 2004064), The Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (grant 918.66.628), an Academic Medical Center graduate school PhD scholarship (M.R.A.W.), the European Community{\textquoteright}s Six Framework Programme European HIV Enterprise (EUROPRISE; FP6/2007–2012) under grant agreement 037611 and the European Community{\textquoteright}s Seventh Framework Programme Next Generation HIV-1 Immunogens inducing broadly reactive Neutralizing antibodies (NGIN) (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement 201433. We thank the International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center for providing financial support for the follow-up of contemporary seroconverters, D. Burton and A. Hessell (The Scripps Research Institute) for their generous supply of IgG1b12, D. Katinger (Polymun, as a partner in EUROPRISE) for his supply of mAbs 2G12, 2F5 and 4E10, and D. Montefiori (Duke University Medical Center) for his supply of HIVIg. The following reagents were obtained through the US National Institutes of Health AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: HIV-IG from North American Biologicals and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.",
year = "2010",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1038/nm.2203",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "995--997",
journal = "Nature Medicine",
issn = "1078-8956",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "9",
}