Trends in Utilization of Robotic and Open Partial Nephrectomy for Management of cT1 Renal Masses

Background: Partial nephrectomy is widely used for surgical management of small renal masses. Use of robotic (RPN) versus open partial nephrectomy (OPN) among various populations is not well characterized. Objective: To analyze trends in utilization of RPN and disparities that may be associated with this procedure for management of cT1 renal masses in the USA. Design, setting, and participants: Patients who underwent RPN or OPN for clinical stage T1N0M0 renal masses in the USA from 2010 to 2013 were identified in the National Cancer Data Base. A total of 23 154 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate differences in receiving RPN or OPN across various patient groups. Results and limitations: Utilization of RPN increased from 41% in 2010 to 63% in 2013. Black patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.98) and Hispanic patients (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.95) were less likely to undergo RPN. RPN was less likely to be performed in rural counties (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.98) and in patients with no insurance (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.44–0.61) or patients covered by Medicaid (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.90). There was no significant difference in RPN utilization between academic and non-academic facilities. Patients with higher clinical stage (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.55–0.62) and comorbidities (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88) were also less likely to undergo RPN. Conclusions: Utilization of RPN has continued to increase over time; however, there are significant disparities in its utilization according to race and socioeconomic status. Black and Hispanic patients and patients in rural communities and with limited insurance were more likely to be treated with OPN instead of RPN. Patient summary: The use of robotic surgery in partial nephrectomy for management of small renal masses has increased over time. We found a significant disparity across different racial and socioeconomic groups in use of robotic partial nephrectomy compared to open surgery. Patients living in rural areas, with limited insurance, and multiple medical comorbidities were more likely to undergo open than robotic partial nephrectomy. Despite the increased use of robotic partial nephrectomy for management of cT1 renal masses, there is significant disparity in its utilization across different racial and sociodemographic groups in the USA.