Transvenous embolization of the internal spermatic veins for the treatment of varicocele scroti

Testicular atrophy associated with varicocele was described by Bennett nearly a century ago, and treatment of the condition has concerned surgeons for the many decades since. During the first half of this century, varicoceles were operated on primarily to relieve symptoms. However, since Tulloch's report in 1952 of improved semen quality after surgical correction of varicocele - findings since confirmed by many others - the operation usually has been performed in an attempt to improve fertility. In the last few years, new angiographic techniques have been made possible the nonoperative (endourologic) diagnosis and treatment of varicocele. Here, we review this common condition and describe its correction by transvenous occlusion of the spermatic veins.