TY - JOUR
T1 - Transforming growth factor-β1 regulation of resting zone chondrocytes is mediated by two separate but interacting pathways
AU - Sylvia, V. L.
AU - Schwartz, Z.
AU - Dean, D. D.
AU - Boyan, B. D.
PY - 2000/4/17
Y1 - 2000/4/17
N2 - Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) via a mechanism that is independent of phospholipase C or tyrosine kinase, but involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. Maximal activation occurs at 12 h and requires new gene expression. To understand the signaling pathways involved, resting zone chondrocytes were incubated with TGF-β1 and PKC activity was inhibited with chelerythrine, staurosporine or H-7. [35S]Sulfate incorporation was inhibited, indicating that PKC mediates the effects of TGF-β1 on matrix production. However, there was little, if any, effect on TGF-β1-dependent increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation, and TGF-β1-stimulated alkaline phosphatase was unaffected, indicating that these responses to the growth factor are not regulated via PKC. TGF-β1 caused a dose-dependent increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production which was further increased by PKC inhibition. The increase was regulated by TGF-β1-dependent effects on phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Activation of PLA2 inhibited TGF-β1 effects on PKC, and inhibition of PLA2 activated TGF-β1-dependent PKC. Exogenous arachidonic acid also inhibited TGF-β1-dependent increases in PKC. The effects of TGF-β1 on PKC involve genomic mechanisms, but not regulation of existing membrane-associated enzyme, since no direct effect of the growth factor on plasma membrane or matrix vesicle PKC was observed. These results support the hypothesis that TGF-β1 modulates its effects on matrix production through PKC, but its effects on alkaline phosphatase are mediated by production of PGE2 and protein kinase A (PKA). Inhibition of PKA also decreases TGF-β1-dependent proliferation. We have previously shown that PGE2 stimulates alkaline phosphatase through its EP2 receptor, whereas EP1 signaling causes a decrease in PKC. Thus, there is cross-talk between the two pathways. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) via a mechanism that is independent of phospholipase C or tyrosine kinase, but involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. Maximal activation occurs at 12 h and requires new gene expression. To understand the signaling pathways involved, resting zone chondrocytes were incubated with TGF-β1 and PKC activity was inhibited with chelerythrine, staurosporine or H-7. [35S]Sulfate incorporation was inhibited, indicating that PKC mediates the effects of TGF-β1 on matrix production. However, there was little, if any, effect on TGF-β1-dependent increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation, and TGF-β1-stimulated alkaline phosphatase was unaffected, indicating that these responses to the growth factor are not regulated via PKC. TGF-β1 caused a dose-dependent increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production which was further increased by PKC inhibition. The increase was regulated by TGF-β1-dependent effects on phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Activation of PLA2 inhibited TGF-β1 effects on PKC, and inhibition of PLA2 activated TGF-β1-dependent PKC. Exogenous arachidonic acid also inhibited TGF-β1-dependent increases in PKC. The effects of TGF-β1 on PKC involve genomic mechanisms, but not regulation of existing membrane-associated enzyme, since no direct effect of the growth factor on plasma membrane or matrix vesicle PKC was observed. These results support the hypothesis that TGF-β1 modulates its effects on matrix production through PKC, but its effects on alkaline phosphatase are mediated by production of PGE2 and protein kinase A (PKA). Inhibition of PKA also decreases TGF-β1-dependent proliferation. We have previously shown that PGE2 stimulates alkaline phosphatase through its EP2 receptor, whereas EP1 signaling causes a decrease in PKC. Thus, there is cross-talk between the two pathways. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - 24,25-(OH)D
KW - Alkaline phosphatase
KW - Chondrocyte culture
KW - Protein kinase C
KW - Signal transduction
KW - Transforming growth factor-β1
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U2 - 10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00030-6
DO - 10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00030-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 10771099
AN - SCOPUS:0034678738
VL - 1496
SP - 311
EP - 324
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research
SN - 0167-4889
IS - 2-3
ER -