Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender

James R. Hall; April R. Wiechmann; Leigh A. Johnson; Melissa Edwards; Robert C. Barber; Rebecca Cunningham; Meharvan Singh; Sid E. O'Bryant; Rachelle Doody; Susan Roundtree; Valory Pavlik; Wen Chan; Paul Massman; Eveleen Darby; Tracey Evans; Benjamin Williams; Gregory Schrimsher; Andrew Dentino; Ronnie Orozco; Thomas Fairchild; Janice Knebl; Douglas Mains; Lisa Alvarez; Perrie Adams; Roger Rosenberg; Myron Weiner; Mary Quiceno; Joan Reisch; Ryan Huebinger; Guanghua Xiao; Doris Svetlik; Amy Werry; Janet Smith; Donald Royall; Raymond Palmer; Marsha Polk

doi:10.1159/000361043

Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender

James R. Hall, April R. Wiechmann, Leigh A. Johnson, Melissa Edwards, Robert C. Barber, Rebecca Cunningham, Meharvan Singh, Sid E. O'Bryant, Rachelle Doody, Susan Roundtree, Valory Pavlik, Wen Chan, Paul Massman, Eveleen Darby, Tracey Evans, Benjamin Williams, Gregory Schrimsher, Andrew Dentino, Ronnie Orozco, Thomas FairchildJanice Knebl, Douglas Mains, Lisa Alvarez, Perrie Adams, Roger Rosenberg, Myron Weiner, Mary Quiceno, Joan Reisch, Ryan Huebinger, Guanghua Xiao, Doris Svetlik, Amy Werry, Janet Smith, Donald Royall, Raymond Palmer, Marsha Polk

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a major factor in nursing home placement and a primary cause of stress for caregivers. Elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for AD and to impact disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and NPS in AD.

Methods: Data on cholesterol and NPS from 220 individuals (144 females, 76 males) with mild-to-moderate AD from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) cohort were analyzed. The total number of NPS and symptoms of hyperactivity, psychosis, affect and apathy were evaluated. Groups based on total cholesterol (TC; ≥ 200 vs. <200 mg/dl) were compared with regard to NPS. The impact of gender was also assessed.

Results: Individuals with high TC had lower MMSE scores as well as significantly more NPS and more symptoms of psychosis. When stratified by gender, males with high TC had significantly more NPS than females with high TC or than males or females with low TC.

Conclusion: The role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of NPS in AD appears to be gender and symptom specific. A cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions, especially for males with high TC.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	300-309
Number of pages	10
Journal	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
Volume	38
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1159/000361043
State	Published - Nov 7 2014

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease
Cholesterol
Neuropsychiatric symptoms

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geriatrics and Gerontology
Psychiatry and Mental health
Cognitive Neuroscience

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10.1159/000361043

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Hall, J. R., Wiechmann, A. R., Johnson, L. A., Edwards, M., Barber, R. C., Cunningham, R., Singh, M., O'Bryant, S. E., Doody, R., Roundtree, S., Pavlik, V., Chan, W., Massman, P., Darby, E., Evans, T., Williams, B., Schrimsher, G., Dentino, A., Orozco, R., ... Polk, M. (2014). Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 38, 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1159/000361043

Hall, JR, Wiechmann, AR, Johnson, LA, Edwards, M, Barber, RC, Cunningham, R, Singh, M, O'Bryant, SE, Doody, R, Roundtree, S, Pavlik, V, Chan, W, Massman, P, Darby, E, Evans, T, Williams, B, Schrimsher, G, Dentino, A, Orozco, R, Fairchild, T, Knebl, J, Mains, D, Alvarez, L, Adams, P, Rosenberg, R, Weiner, M, Quiceno, M, Reisch, J, Huebinger, R, Xiao, G, Svetlik, D, Werry, A, Smith, J, Royall, D , Palmer, R & Polk, M 2014, 'Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender', Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol. 38, pp. 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1159/000361043

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title = "Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender",

abstract = "Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a major factor in nursing home placement and a primary cause of stress for caregivers. Elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for AD and to impact disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and NPS in AD.Methods: Data on cholesterol and NPS from 220 individuals (144 females, 76 males) with mild-to-moderate AD from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) cohort were analyzed. The total number of NPS and symptoms of hyperactivity, psychosis, affect and apathy were evaluated. Groups based on total cholesterol (TC; ≥ 200 vs. <200 mg/dl) were compared with regard to NPS. The impact of gender was also assessed.Results: Individuals with high TC had lower MMSE scores as well as significantly more NPS and more symptoms of psychosis. When stratified by gender, males with high TC had significantly more NPS than females with high TC or than males or females with low TC.Conclusion: The role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of NPS in AD appears to be gender and symptom specific. A cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions, especially for males with high TC.",

keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Cholesterol, Neuropsychiatric symptoms",

author = "Hall, {James R.} and Wiechmann, {April R.} and Johnson, {Leigh A.} and Melissa Edwards and Barber, {Robert C.} and Rebecca Cunningham and Meharvan Singh and O'Bryant, {Sid E.} and Rachelle Doody and Susan Roundtree and Valory Pavlik and Wen Chan and Paul Massman and Eveleen Darby and Tracey Evans and Benjamin Williams and Gregory Schrimsher and Andrew Dentino and Ronnie Orozco and Thomas Fairchild and Janice Knebl and Douglas Mains and Lisa Alvarez and Perrie Adams and Roger Rosenberg and Myron Weiner and Mary Quiceno and Joan Reisch and Ryan Huebinger and Guanghua Xiao and Doris Svetlik and Amy Werry and Janet Smith and Donald Royall and Raymond Palmer and Marsha Polk",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.",

year = "2014",

month = nov,

day = "7",

doi = "10.1159/000361043",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "38",

pages = "300--309",

journal = "Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease

T2 - The impact of total cholesterol level and gender

AU - Hall, James R.

AU - Wiechmann, April R.

AU - Johnson, Leigh A.

AU - Edwards, Melissa

AU - Barber, Robert C.

AU - Cunningham, Rebecca

AU - Singh, Meharvan

AU - O'Bryant, Sid E.

AU - Doody, Rachelle

AU - Roundtree, Susan

AU - Pavlik, Valory

AU - Chan, Wen

AU - Massman, Paul

AU - Darby, Eveleen

AU - Evans, Tracey

AU - Williams, Benjamin

AU - Schrimsher, Gregory

AU - Dentino, Andrew

AU - Orozco, Ronnie

AU - Fairchild, Thomas

AU - Knebl, Janice

AU - Mains, Douglas

AU - Alvarez, Lisa

AU - Adams, Perrie

AU - Rosenberg, Roger

AU - Weiner, Myron

AU - Quiceno, Mary

AU - Reisch, Joan

AU - Huebinger, Ryan

AU - Xiao, Guanghua

AU - Svetlik, Doris

AU - Werry, Amy

AU - Smith, Janet

AU - Royall, Donald

AU - Palmer, Raymond

AU - Polk, Marsha

PY - 2014/11/7

Y1 - 2014/11/7

N2 - Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a major factor in nursing home placement and a primary cause of stress for caregivers. Elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for AD and to impact disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and NPS in AD.Methods: Data on cholesterol and NPS from 220 individuals (144 females, 76 males) with mild-to-moderate AD from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) cohort were analyzed. The total number of NPS and symptoms of hyperactivity, psychosis, affect and apathy were evaluated. Groups based on total cholesterol (TC; ≥ 200 vs. <200 mg/dl) were compared with regard to NPS. The impact of gender was also assessed.Results: Individuals with high TC had lower MMSE scores as well as significantly more NPS and more symptoms of psychosis. When stratified by gender, males with high TC had significantly more NPS than females with high TC or than males or females with low TC.Conclusion: The role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of NPS in AD appears to be gender and symptom specific. A cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions, especially for males with high TC.

AB - Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a major factor in nursing home placement and a primary cause of stress for caregivers. Elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for AD and to impact disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and NPS in AD.Methods: Data on cholesterol and NPS from 220 individuals (144 females, 76 males) with mild-to-moderate AD from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) cohort were analyzed. The total number of NPS and symptoms of hyperactivity, psychosis, affect and apathy were evaluated. Groups based on total cholesterol (TC; ≥ 200 vs. <200 mg/dl) were compared with regard to NPS. The impact of gender was also assessed.Results: Individuals with high TC had lower MMSE scores as well as significantly more NPS and more symptoms of psychosis. When stratified by gender, males with high TC had significantly more NPS than females with high TC or than males or females with low TC.Conclusion: The role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of NPS in AD appears to be gender and symptom specific. A cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions, especially for males with high TC.

KW - Alzheimer's disease

KW - Cholesterol

KW - Neuropsychiatric symptoms

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AN - SCOPUS:84903855800

SN - 1420-8008

VL - 38

SP - 300

EP - 309

JO - Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

JF - Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

ER -

Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: The impact of total cholesterol level and gender

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