TIA-1 expression in lymphoid neoplasms: Identification of subsets with cytotoxic T lymphocyte or natural killer cell differentiation

TIA-1 is a 15-kd cytotoxic granule-associated protein expressed in natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. TIA-1 expression was evaluated by paraffin immunohistochemistry in 115 T-or NK-cell neoplasms, 45 B-cell neoplasms, and 45 Hodgkin's lymphomas. TIA-1-positive granules were identified within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells in 6/6 large granular lymphocytic leukemias, 11/11 hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas, 15/15 intestinal T-cell lymphomas, 6/6 NK-like T-cell lymphomas of no special type, 2/2 NK- cell lymphomas, 8/9 nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas, 7/8 subcutaneous T-cell lymphomas, 4/5 pulmonary, T- or NK-cell angiocentric lymphomas (lymphomatoid granulomatosis), 12/19 T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. 2/12 nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas, 1/3 CD8⁺ cutaneous T=cell lymphomas, and 5/38 classical Hodgkin's disease. All B-cell neoplasms, nodular lymphocyte- predominant Hodgkin's disease (7 cases), CD4⁺ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (6 cases), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphomas (3 cases), T-cell chronic or prolymphocytic leukemias (3 cases), and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas (7 cases) were TIA-1 negative. These findings indicate that most large granular lymphocytic leukemias, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas, intestinal T-cell lymphomas, NK-like T-cell lymphomas, NK-cell lymphomas, nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas, subcutaneous T-cell lymphomas, pulmonary angiocentric lymphomas of T or NK phenotype, and anaplastic large- cell lymphomas are cytotoxic T or NK-cell neoplasms.