Therapeutic yoga reduces pro-tumorigenic cytokines in cancer survivors

Introduction: Chronic inflammation can remain many years after the completion of cancer treatment and is associated with cancer recurrence. The purpose of this study was to examine how a 16-week therapeutic yoga program (TYP) modulates the cytokine profile in heterogeneous cancer survivors. Methods: Eligible participants were 18 years of age or older and clinically diagnosed with cancer. Consenting participants were asked to attend three, 75-min sessions weekly of TYP with meditation. Seventeen patients provided blood samples at baseline and end of study. Eight cytokines (interferon (IFN)-γ; interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), three receptors (sIL-6R, sTNFRI, sTNFRII), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified. Results: Patients were 59.6 ± 7.3 years old; over half (56%) were overweight or obese BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²); majority were female (71%) and breast cancer survivors (65%), of which 44% were Hispanic. Marked reductions were observed in all cytokines except IL-4, with significant reductions (p < 0.05) found in IL-1b (− 13%) and IL-1ra (− 13%). No significant changes were observed in soluble cytokine receptors or CRP. Conclusions: TYP led to significant reduction in circulating cytokines associated with chronic inflammation in a heterogeneous sample of cancer survivors.