The structure of schizotypy: Relationships between neurocognitive and personality disorder features in relatives of schizophrenic patients in the UCLA Family Study

Schizotypal personality features and certain neurocognitive deficits have been shown to aggregate in the relatives of schizophrenic patients, supporting the view that both are likely to reflect genetic contributions to liability to schizophrenia. Within the relatives of schizophrenic patients, however, the interrelationships between these potential indicators of liability to schizophrenia are not well known. Using data from the UCLA Family Study, we examine the interrelationships between personality disorder symptoms and neurocognitive functioning in nonpsychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients. Factor analyses indicate that several dimensions of schizotypy can be identified. A neurocognitive dysfunction dimension includes loadings from measures of sequential visual conceptual tracking, rapid perceptual encoding and search, and focused, sustained attention as well as the rating of odd and eccentric behavior from schizotypal personality disorder. Other aspects of schizotypal personality disorder form separate positive schizotypy and negative schizotypy dimensions. These analyses support the view that schizotypy is multidimensional in relatives of schizophrenic patients and indicate that neurocognitive deficits in perception and attention are associated with particular schizotypal personality features.