@article{87cd25e286a842ed9317b4c1b11cd686,
title = "The social mandate and historical basis for nursing's role in health promotion",
abstract = "Nightingale's strong foundation, the impressive accomplishments of the public health nursing leaders, extensive community nursing services, and a growing societal and governmental interest in disease prevention have all contributed to nursing's role in health promotion. The Surgeon General asserts that half of the mortality in the United States is due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Our nation needs a cadre of professionals whose role is to appraise and enhance the health status, health assets, and health potentials of all humans. Nurses are the health professionals to take that role. This article documents the social mandate and historical basis for nursing's role in health promotion from the mid-19th century to the present.",
keywords = "Disease prevention, Health promotion, Health reform, History, nursing",
author = "Novak, {Julie Cowan}",
note = "Funding Information: The growing sense of social injustice was exemplified in the development of the Red Cross at the Geneva Convention, and the establishment of the American Red Cross in 1881 led to the care of the sick at home. In 1912, at Lillian Wald's suggestion, the Red Cross established a rural nursing service to provide nurses to care for the sick and to give instruction in sanitation and hygiene in the homes of people living in rural areas. Wald secured financial support for this program. As a result of these health promotion efforts, areas served by rural nurses showed decreases in infant mortality and the general death rate, as well as improvements in sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition, s Industrial nursing was also created at the turn of th~ century. In 1895, Proctor, the Governor of Vermont, who held a high regard for visiting nursing services, introduced {"}district nursing{"} into several villages whose residents comprised employees of his Vermont l~iarble Company. In its early form, industrial nursing placed minimal emphasis on the care of injuries, but rather stressed health promotion activities implemented in the employees' homes. 2° By 1912, the public health nursing movement could look with pride to two decades of major impact on the health of the nation's citizens. Because of their Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "1988",
doi = "10.1016/S8755-7223(88)80028-0",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "4",
pages = "80--87",
journal = "Journal of Professional Nursing",
issn = "8755-7223",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "2",
}