Abstract
The mixed agonist-antagonist analgesics buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, pentazocine and picenadol were compared to the prototype mu and kappa agonists morphine and Mr 2033, respectively, in the following tests in rhesus monkeys: overt behavioral effects upon acute administration in drug-naive animals; discriminative stimulus properties in monkeys trained to respond to either etorphine or ethylketazocine; self-administration of the test agent relative to codeine; single dose suppression and precipitation in withdrawn and non-withdrawn morphine-dependent monkeys, respectively; and primary addiction studies in drug-naive animals. Whereas both buprenorphine and nalbuphine precipitate withdrawal in morphine-dependent monkeys, withdrawal following chronic administration of buprenorphine resulted in no observable signs of abstinence, while nalbuphine withdrawal was similar to that seen in morphine-dependent monkeys. Butorphanol, pentazocine and picenadol all produced mild dependence of the kappa-type; that is, natural withdrawal behavior similar to that seen following chronic Mr 2033 administration.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 233-247 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Drug and Alcohol Dependence |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 3-4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 1985 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Buprenorphine
- Butorphanol
- Dependence
- Mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic
- Morphine
- Mr 2033 (UM 1072)
- Nalbuphine
- Pentazocine
- Picenadol
- Rhesus monkey
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Pharmacology (medical)