Solution structure of protein SRP19 of Archaeoglobus fulgidus signal recognition particle

Protein SRP19 is an essential RNA-binding component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in Archaea and Eucarya. A three-dimensional solution structure of the 104 residue SRP19 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, designated as Af19, was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Af19 contains three β-strands, two α-helical regions, arranged in a βαββα topology, a 3₁₀ helix, and a disordered C-terminal tail. This fold is similar to the βαββαβ RNP motif present in numerous other RNA-binding proteins, which engage their cognate RNAs using conserved sequence motifs present within β-strands 1 and 3. Mutagenesis studies of human SRP19, however, reveal the major contact sites with SRP RNA reside within loops 1, 3, and 4. These contacts were verified by the crystal structure of human SRP19 complexed to SRP RNA helix 6 reported subsequent to the submission of the manuscript. The crystal structure also reveals that, unlike canonical RNP motifs, SRP19 does not engage specific RNA bases through conserved sequence motifs present within β-strands 1 and 3. Instead, SRP19 uses residues both within and flanking β-strand 1 to stabilize the complex through direct and indirect contacts to the phosphate backbone of the tetraloop, leaving the bases of the tetraloop exposed. This, coupled with the fact that SRP19 appears relatively rigid and undergoes only minor changes in structure upon RNA binding, may underlie the molecular basis by which SRP19 functions to initiate SRP assembly.