TY - JOUR
T1 - Sleep problems of elementary school children
T2 - A community survey
AU - Blader, Joseph C.
AU - Koplewicz, Harold S.
AU - Abikoff, Howard
AU - Foley, Carmel
PY - 1997/5
Y1 - 1997/5
N2 - Objective: To examine the prevalence, co-occurrence, and correlates of sleep problems among elementary school children. Design: Survey. Setting: General community. Participants: The parents of 987 children aged 5 to 12 years completed an anonymous survey distributed in their children's schools. Main Outcome Measures: The survey form asked about background characteristics, children's sleep environment, sleep habits, adult interventions, sleep history, and specific sleep problems. Results: Bedtime resistance was the most prevalent sleep problem (27%). Sleep-onset delays (11.3%), night waking (6.5%), morning wake-up problems (17%), and fatigue complaints (17%) were also common. Among children with sleep-onset problems, 80% displayed bedtime resistance, while 34% of bedtime resisters had onset problems. Onset problems correlated with more fears, night waking, psychiatric and medical conditions, the need for reassurance and caregiver proximity, and history of sleep problems. Bedtime resistance was associated with an inconsistent bedtime and falling asleep away from bed. Those who display delayed sleep onset and bedtime resistance also wake later, suggesting that sleep-phase delays may maintain these problems. Conclusions: The results confirm bedtime resistance as parents' principal sleep-related complaint for this age group but reveal a subgroup more prone to insomnia, night waking, and anxiety-related features. Phase delay findings suggest the importance of limits around wake-up time as well as bedtime. The results highlight the importance of distinctly evaluating bedtime resistance, sleep onset, sleep maintenance, waking, and emotional adjustment.
AB - Objective: To examine the prevalence, co-occurrence, and correlates of sleep problems among elementary school children. Design: Survey. Setting: General community. Participants: The parents of 987 children aged 5 to 12 years completed an anonymous survey distributed in their children's schools. Main Outcome Measures: The survey form asked about background characteristics, children's sleep environment, sleep habits, adult interventions, sleep history, and specific sleep problems. Results: Bedtime resistance was the most prevalent sleep problem (27%). Sleep-onset delays (11.3%), night waking (6.5%), morning wake-up problems (17%), and fatigue complaints (17%) were also common. Among children with sleep-onset problems, 80% displayed bedtime resistance, while 34% of bedtime resisters had onset problems. Onset problems correlated with more fears, night waking, psychiatric and medical conditions, the need for reassurance and caregiver proximity, and history of sleep problems. Bedtime resistance was associated with an inconsistent bedtime and falling asleep away from bed. Those who display delayed sleep onset and bedtime resistance also wake later, suggesting that sleep-phase delays may maintain these problems. Conclusions: The results confirm bedtime resistance as parents' principal sleep-related complaint for this age group but reveal a subgroup more prone to insomnia, night waking, and anxiety-related features. Phase delay findings suggest the importance of limits around wake-up time as well as bedtime. The results highlight the importance of distinctly evaluating bedtime resistance, sleep onset, sleep maintenance, waking, and emotional adjustment.
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U2 - 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170420043007
DO - 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170420043007
M3 - Article
C2 - 9158439
AN - SCOPUS:0031001775
SN - 1072-4710
VL - 151
SP - 473
EP - 480
JO - Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
JF - Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
IS - 5
ER -