TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex-specific associations of serum prolactin concentrations with cardiac remodeling
T2 - Longitudinal results from the Study of Health Pomerania (SHIP)
AU - Haring, Robin
AU - Völzke, Henry
AU - Vasan, Ramachandran S.
AU - Felix, Stephan B.
AU - Nauck, Matthias
AU - Dörr, Marcus
AU - Wallaschofski, Henri
N1 - Funding Information:
SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grants nos. 01ZZ9603 , 01ZZ0103 , and 01ZZ0403 ), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs as well as the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania . This study was carried out in collaboration with the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (GCCR), which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Ministry of Cultural Affairs of the Federal State of Mecklenburg, West Pomerania, Germany . Robin Haring had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
PY - 2012/4
Y1 - 2012/4
N2 - Background: Previous experimental and patient-based studies suggest that prolactin (PRL) and its 16. kDa fragment influence cardiovascular phenotypes by modulating angiogenesis. The association between serum PRL and cardiac remodeling in the general population is unknown. Methods: We evaluated 804 individuals (441 women) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, aged ≥45 years, with available baseline serum PRL who underwent serial echocardiography at baseline and five-year follow-up. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defined by sex-specific distributions of LVM. LV geometry was defined on the basis of relative wall thickness (RWT) and LVH. Sex-specific multivariable regression analyses were performed relating PRL (independent variable modelled as a continuous variable and as sex-specific quartiles) to change in LVM, RWT, and to incident LVH and abnormal geometry. Results: Baseline PRL concentrations were inversely associated with LVM change in men, but not in women (β per 10% decrease in PRL: 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13-0.60 in men and -0.02; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.17 in women, respectively). In men, baseline PRL concentrations were also inversely associated with incident LVH [first vs. fourth PRL quartile: relative risk (RR) 2.26 (95% CI, 1.20-4.24)] and altered LV geometry on follow-up [RR for incident concentric hypertrophy per 10% decrease in PRL: 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06-1.37)]. None of the longitudinal associations were observed in women. Conclusion: We observed inverse associations of PRL with LVM change, incident LVH, and altered LV geometry in men, but not in women. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific associations.
AB - Background: Previous experimental and patient-based studies suggest that prolactin (PRL) and its 16. kDa fragment influence cardiovascular phenotypes by modulating angiogenesis. The association between serum PRL and cardiac remodeling in the general population is unknown. Methods: We evaluated 804 individuals (441 women) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, aged ≥45 years, with available baseline serum PRL who underwent serial echocardiography at baseline and five-year follow-up. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defined by sex-specific distributions of LVM. LV geometry was defined on the basis of relative wall thickness (RWT) and LVH. Sex-specific multivariable regression analyses were performed relating PRL (independent variable modelled as a continuous variable and as sex-specific quartiles) to change in LVM, RWT, and to incident LVH and abnormal geometry. Results: Baseline PRL concentrations were inversely associated with LVM change in men, but not in women (β per 10% decrease in PRL: 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13-0.60 in men and -0.02; 95% CI, -0.21 to 0.17 in women, respectively). In men, baseline PRL concentrations were also inversely associated with incident LVH [first vs. fourth PRL quartile: relative risk (RR) 2.26 (95% CI, 1.20-4.24)] and altered LV geometry on follow-up [RR for incident concentric hypertrophy per 10% decrease in PRL: 1.20 (95% CI, 1.06-1.37)]. None of the longitudinal associations were observed in women. Conclusion: We observed inverse associations of PRL with LVM change, incident LVH, and altered LV geometry in men, but not in women. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific associations.
KW - Cardiac remodeling
KW - Hypertrophy
KW - Left ventricular mass
KW - Population-based cohort
KW - Prolactin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.017
DO - 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 22293228
AN - SCOPUS:84858705507
SN - 0021-9150
VL - 221
SP - 570
EP - 576
JO - Atherosclerosis
JF - Atherosclerosis
IS - 2
ER -