@article{e1f488e620f1429a8693a4623fc48808,
title = "Regulation of androgen receptor activity by tyrosine phosphorylation",
abstract = "The androgen receptor (AR) is essential for the growth of prostate cancer cells. Here, we report that tyrosine phosphorylation of AR is induced by growth factors and elevated in hormone-refractory prostate tumors. Mutation of the major tyrosine phosphorylation site in AR significantly inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells under androgen-depleted conditions. The Src tyrosine kinase appears to be responsible for phosphorylating AR, and there is a positive correlation of AR tyrosine phosphorylation with Src tyrosine kinase activity in human prostate tumors. Our data collectively suggest that growth factors and their downstream tyrosine kinases, which are elevated during hormone-ablation therapy, can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of AR and such modification may be important for prostate tumor growth under androgen-depleted conditions.",
keywords = "CELLCYCLE",
author = "Zhiyong Guo and Bojie Dai and Tianyun Jiang and Kexin Xu and Yingqiu Xie and Oekyung Kim and Issa Nesheiwat and Xiangtian Kong and Jonathan Melamed and Handratta, {Venkatesh D.} and Njar, {Vincent C.O.} and Brodie, {Angela M.H.} and Yu, {Li Rong} and Veenstra, {Timothy D.} and Hegang Chen and Yun Qiu",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Drs. H.-J. Kung, M.-F. Lin, C.L. Sawyers, J.D. Fondell, C.W. Gregory, E. Wilson, and the NCI Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource at NYU for providing the essential materials used in our study; Dr. P. Lee for validating our pathologic analysis; and Drs. D.K. Ann and Y. Yen for stimulating discussion. This work was supported in part by the NIH grants (CA85380, CA106504), DOD grants (DAMD17-03-1-0117, W81XWH-06-1-0199), and the Award from Prostate Cancer Foundation to Y.Q, the NIH Contract (No. NO1-CO-12400) to T.D.V, the NIH grant (NCI UO1- CA86772) to J.M., DOD Postdoctoral Fellowship (W81XWH-04-1-0015) to Z.G., and Pre-doctoral Fellowship (W81XWH-06-1-0005) to K.X. ",
year = "2006",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.021",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
pages = "309--319",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "4",
}