@article{5939f4373a7547c9b3a1a9d7c7e48f50,
title = "Psychological distress in childhood trauma survivors who abuse drugs",
abstract = "The relationships between the level of childhood maltreatment and current psychological distress were examined in a community sample of 676 substance abusing men and women using a validated self-report instrument (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) designed to measure physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and physical and emotional neglect. Current levels of self-reported psychological distress/symptoms were measured using a 53-item Brief Symptom Inventory. Prevalence of early trauma ranged from 44% for emotional neglect to 65% for sexual abuse. The severity of all forms of childhood maltreatment were directly associated with current psychological distress.",
author = "Medrano, {Martha A.} and Hatch, {John P.} and Zule, {William A.} and Desmond, {David P.}",
note = "Funding Information: Data were collected from April 1996 to February 1998. The subjects were recruited from the participants in the Community Outreach for the Prevention of AIDS project, a nationwide Cooperative Agreement program funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). All subjects in the San Antonio project were recruited through community outreach. Eligibility criteria included: (i) self-report of injection of any drug or crack cocaine use in the past 30 days; (ii) a positive urine test for cocaine, morphine (heroin), or metamphetamine, (iii) no formal drug treatment during the past 30 days; and (iv) minimum age of 18. Active drug users were identified and screened for eligibility by indigenous paraprofessional outreach workers in the community. Eligible subjects were then brought to a central project field office where the research was described and informed consent obtained. Subjects were enrolled in the study, after current drug use confirmation by on-site urine test and inspection for visible track marks. During the initial assessment, each individual completed a Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (17) and a Risk Behavior Assessment developed by NIDA (18). The Risk Behavior Assessment includes sections on socio-demographics and substance use histories. Funding Information: This sub-study was added to a parent project, the Center for Behavioral Studies in AIDS and Substance Abuse, funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH) using one-year Hogg Foundation funding. The center grant was awarded to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio on August 6, 1994, for a five-year period ending June 30, 1999: the Principal Investigator is David P. Desmond, MSW. Within the parent project, Dr Medrano directed the sub-study, “Effects of Childhood Trauma on AIDS Risk Among Women Drug Users”. Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2002",
doi = "10.1081/ADA-120001278",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "28",
pages = "1--13",
journal = "American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse",
issn = "0095-2990",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
number = "1",
}