Pseudouridine Synthase 7 in Cancer: Functions, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential

Pseudouridylation, the most abundant RNA modification, plays a critical role in modulating RNA structure, stability, and function. Among the family of pseudouridine synthases, Pseudouridine Synthase 7 (PUS7) has recently gained attention for its emerging roles in human health and disease. Originally characterized for its function in modifying tRNA and small non-coding RNAs, PUS7 is now recognized as a dynamic regulator of mRNA pseudouridylation, influencing gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expressions or activity of PUS7 have been linked to a variety of pathological conditions, including cancers such as colon cancer, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, and neuroblastoma, as well as potential roles in neurodevelopmental disorders and immune regulation. Through mechanisms involving translational reprogramming, stress adaptation, and epitranscriptomic remodeling, PUS7 contributes to disease progression and cellular plasticity. This review summarizes the current understanding of PUS7 biology, its functional relevance in the contexts of cancer progression, and the growing interest in targeting RNA-modifying enzymes for therapeutic intervention. Uncovering the full spectrum of PUS7-mediated pseudouridylation and its downstream effects holds promise for advancing our understanding of RNA-based regulation in human diseases, including gynecological disorders.