TY - JOUR
T1 - Programming and inheritance of parental DNA methylomes in mammals
AU - Wang, Lu
AU - Zhang, Jun
AU - Duan, Jialei
AU - Gao, Xinxing
AU - Zhu, Wei
AU - Lu, Xingyu
AU - Yang, Lu
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Li, Guoqiang
AU - Ci, Weimin
AU - Li, Wei
AU - Zhou, Qi
AU - Aluru, Neel
AU - Tang, Fuchou
AU - He, Chuan
AU - Huang, Xingxu
AU - Liu, Jiang
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the 973 Program of China to X.H. (2010CB945101), to J.L. (2011CB510101); from National Natural Science Foundation of China to J.L. (91219104 and 81171902), to W.C. (91231112 and 31171244), to J.Z. (31200958). C.H. is supported by National Institutes of Health (HG006827). We thank the sequencing facility in BIG, CAS.
PY - 2014/5/8
Y1 - 2014/5/8
N2 - The reprogramming of parental methylomes is essential for embryonic development. In mammals, paternal 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) have been proposed to be actively converted to oxidized bases. These paternal oxidized bases and maternal 5mCs are believed to be passively diluted by cell divisions. By generating single-base resolution, allele-specific DNA methylomes from mouse gametes, early embryos, and primordial germ cell (PGC), as well as single-base-resolution maps of oxidized cytosine bases for early embryos, we report the existence of 5hmC and 5fC in both maternal and paternal genomes and find that 5mC or its oxidized derivatives, at the majority of demethylated CpGs, are converted to unmodified cytosines independent of passive dilution from gametes to four-cell embryos. Therefore, we conclude that paternal methylome and at least a significant proportion of maternal methylome go through active demethylation during embryonic development. Additionally, all the known imprinting control regions (ICRs) were classified into germ-line or somatic ICRs.
AB - The reprogramming of parental methylomes is essential for embryonic development. In mammals, paternal 5-methylcytosines (5mCs) have been proposed to be actively converted to oxidized bases. These paternal oxidized bases and maternal 5mCs are believed to be passively diluted by cell divisions. By generating single-base resolution, allele-specific DNA methylomes from mouse gametes, early embryos, and primordial germ cell (PGC), as well as single-base-resolution maps of oxidized cytosine bases for early embryos, we report the existence of 5hmC and 5fC in both maternal and paternal genomes and find that 5mC or its oxidized derivatives, at the majority of demethylated CpGs, are converted to unmodified cytosines independent of passive dilution from gametes to four-cell embryos. Therefore, we conclude that paternal methylome and at least a significant proportion of maternal methylome go through active demethylation during embryonic development. Additionally, all the known imprinting control regions (ICRs) were classified into germ-line or somatic ICRs.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.017
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 24813617
AN - SCOPUS:84900300766
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 157
SP - 979
EP - 991
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 4
ER -