Prehospital Critical Care Blood Product Administration: Quantifying Clinical Benefit

Background Prehospital blood transfusion has been widely practiced in the military and is drawing renewed scrutiny after many years of civilian use. Objective The objective of this article is to quantify the benefit derived from prehospital transfusion of blood products. Methods Deidentified data were extracted retrospectively from the flight records of a critical care transportation program between April 2018 and January 2020. Patients who were transported before a prehospital blood transfusion protocol were compared with patients after initiation of the blood transfusion protocol. Demographic data, vital signs, laboratory analytics, and other outcome measures were analyzed. Results Nine scene transport patients who met the transfusion criteria before a blood transfusion protocol were compared with 11 patients transported after initiation of the protocol. Identical outcome measures were analyzed. Patients who received prehospital blood transfusions had a statistically significantly longer hospital length of stay (16.5 vs 3.7 days, P =.03) and were more often taken directly to the operating room (80% vs 28%, P =.04). No statistically significant difference was identified when comparing mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions Trauma patients who received prehospital blood transfusion had a longer hospital length of stay and were more often taken directly to the operating room, but without improvement in survival.