TY - JOUR
T1 - Preclinical evaluation for noninvasive reversal following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride in langur monkeys
AU - Lohiya, Nirmal K.
AU - Manivannan, Boomi
AU - Mishra, Pradyumma K.
AU - Sriram, Seshadri
AU - Bhande, Satish S.
AU - Panneerdoss, Subbarayalu
N1 - Funding Information:
The investigation was supported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. Ultrastructural studies were carried out at the EM-SAIF-DST Facility for Electron Microscopy of the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, and biochemical and hormonal studies were carried out at the Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility of the Special Assistance Programme (SAP) of the department. The authors are thankful to Dr. Sujoy K. Guha, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, for providing SMA.
PY - 2005/3
Y1 - 2005/3
N2 - A preclinical evaluation for reversal through a noninvasive approach following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) has been attempted in langur monkeys at the level of semen parameters, sperm functional tests, semen biochemistry, histology and ultrastructure of reproductive organs, hematology and serum clinical biochemistry including antisperm antibodies (ASA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone. Noninvasive reversal through palpation, percutaneous squeezing and electrical stimulation, forced vibratory movements and suprapubic percussion in the inguinal segments and per-rectal digital massage was attempted in seven langur monkeys after 540 days following vas occlusion. The results revealed instant azoospermia reversal on the same day of reversal with impaired sperm quality, which showed gradual improvement and normospermia with normal motility and viability after 60-90 days of reversal. Sperm functional tests, including ultrastructure of spermatozoa, indicative of sterility in the initial ejaculations, reached normalcy after 90-120 days of reversal. The seminal plasma biochemistry indicative of obstructive azoospermia regained a normal pattern after 90-120 days of reversal. The morphology of testes that showed focal degeneration during 540 days of vas occlusion and that of vasa deferentia that showed exfoliation of epithelial cells resumed to normal morphology comparable with control animals after 150 days of reversal. The morphology of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after noninvasive reversal compared with those of control animals. Hematology, serum clinical chemistry, ASA, PSA and testosterone fluctuated within control limits, indicating safety of the procedure at the level of accessory reproductive organs. The results suggest that noninvasive reversal is feasible even after long-term vas occlusion with SMA and is safe without adverse side effects.
AB - A preclinical evaluation for reversal through a noninvasive approach following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) has been attempted in langur monkeys at the level of semen parameters, sperm functional tests, semen biochemistry, histology and ultrastructure of reproductive organs, hematology and serum clinical biochemistry including antisperm antibodies (ASA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone. Noninvasive reversal through palpation, percutaneous squeezing and electrical stimulation, forced vibratory movements and suprapubic percussion in the inguinal segments and per-rectal digital massage was attempted in seven langur monkeys after 540 days following vas occlusion. The results revealed instant azoospermia reversal on the same day of reversal with impaired sperm quality, which showed gradual improvement and normospermia with normal motility and viability after 60-90 days of reversal. Sperm functional tests, including ultrastructure of spermatozoa, indicative of sterility in the initial ejaculations, reached normalcy after 90-120 days of reversal. The seminal plasma biochemistry indicative of obstructive azoospermia regained a normal pattern after 90-120 days of reversal. The morphology of testes that showed focal degeneration during 540 days of vas occlusion and that of vasa deferentia that showed exfoliation of epithelial cells resumed to normal morphology comparable with control animals after 150 days of reversal. The morphology of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after noninvasive reversal compared with those of control animals. Hematology, serum clinical chemistry, ASA, PSA and testosterone fluctuated within control limits, indicating safety of the procedure at the level of accessory reproductive organs. The results suggest that noninvasive reversal is feasible even after long-term vas occlusion with SMA and is safe without adverse side effects.
KW - Langur monkeys
KW - Male contraception
KW - Noninvasive reversal
KW - Spermatogenesis
KW - Styrene maleic anhydride
KW - Vas occlusion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=13844251996&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=13844251996&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.08.016
DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.08.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 15722073
AN - SCOPUS:13844251996
SN - 0010-7824
VL - 71
SP - 214
EP - 226
JO - Contraception
JF - Contraception
IS - 3
ER -