Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in Children and Adolescents Associated With Systemic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Aim: To systematically evaluate congenital and acquired systemic diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and their impact on periodontal tissues as well as influence on the onset and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed in three electronic databases to identify studies reporting on the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of systemic diseases and conditions in children and adolescents < 18 years, affecting periodontal tissues and modifying the course/outcomes of periodontal diseases. Results: A total of 463 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, reporting on 71 different diseases and conditions. The medical conditions identified were classified into two groups, based upon the nature of pathogenic mechanisms affecting the periodontium: (1) genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact periodontal tissue structure, and (2) systemic diseases and conditions that impact the onset/progression of periodontal diseases. Conclusion: A vast group of systemic congenital and acquired diseases and conditions affecting children and adolescents was identified that may impact the morphology, function and/or pathophysiological processes of the periodontal tissues and affect the onset/progression of periodontal diseases, which in some cases leads to severe forms of gingival inflammation, premature loss of attachment and tooth loss.