@inbook{e3749e013bcc44a6be6fb628ecacb7d2,
title = "Peri-Ictal and Para-Ictal Psychiatric Phenomena: A Relatively Common Yet Unrecognized Disorder",
abstract = "Patients with epilepsy can experience different neuropsychiatric symptoms related (peri-ictal) or not (interictal) with seizures. Peri-ictal symptoms can precede (pre-ictal) or follow (post-ictal) the seizure, or even be the expression of the seizure activity (ictal). Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as irritability and apathy, are among the most frequent pre-ictal manifestations. Ictal fear is reported by around 10\% of patients with focal seizures, and sometimes can be difficult to differentiate from panic attacks. Post-ictal anxiety, mood and psychotic symptoms are also frequently reported by patients. Peri-ictal phenomena can occur as isolated symptom or as a cluster of symptoms, sometimes resembling a full-blown psychiatric syndrome. Actually, peri-ictal and interictal neuropsychiatric manifestations seem to be closely associated.",
keywords = "Anti-depressants, Anti-psychotics, Apathy, Dysphoric symptoms, Forced normalization, Ictal fear, Ictal symptoms, Interictal symptoms, Irritability, Para-ictal symptoms, Peri-ictal symptoms, Post-ictal anxiety, Post-ictal depression, Post-ictal psychoses, Post-ictal symptoms, Pre-ictal symptoms",
author = "Teixeira, \{Antonio Lucio\}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1007/7854\_2021\_223",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "171--181",
booktitle = "Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences",
address = "Germany",
}