TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidative stress, redox, and the tumor microenvironment
AU - Cook, John A.
AU - Gius, David
AU - Wink, David A.
AU - Krishna, Murali C.
AU - Russo, Angelo
AU - Mitchell, James B.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - Cellular metabolism is critical for the generation of energy in biological systems; however, as a result of electron transfer reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in aerobic cells. Although low amounts of ROS are easily tolerated by the cell, abnormally high levels of ROS induce oxidative stress. ROS are also produced after exposure to ionizing radiation, selected chemotherapeutic agents, hyperthermia, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, or depletion of cellular reductants such as NADPH and glutathione. Oxidative stress such as ionizing radiation produces a variety of highly reactive free radicals that damage cells, initiate signal transduction pathways, and alter gene expression. Cells are capable of countering the effects of oxidative stress by virtue of a complex redox buffering system. With respect to the radiation treatment of cancer, components of the cellular redox armamentarium may be targeted to enhance cell killing in the case of tumors and/or protection in the case of normal tissues.
AB - Cellular metabolism is critical for the generation of energy in biological systems; however, as a result of electron transfer reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in aerobic cells. Although low amounts of ROS are easily tolerated by the cell, abnormally high levels of ROS induce oxidative stress. ROS are also produced after exposure to ionizing radiation, selected chemotherapeutic agents, hyperthermia, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, or depletion of cellular reductants such as NADPH and glutathione. Oxidative stress such as ionizing radiation produces a variety of highly reactive free radicals that damage cells, initiate signal transduction pathways, and alter gene expression. Cells are capable of countering the effects of oxidative stress by virtue of a complex redox buffering system. With respect to the radiation treatment of cancer, components of the cellular redox armamentarium may be targeted to enhance cell killing in the case of tumors and/or protection in the case of normal tissues.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=3142519833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=3142519833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.semradonc.2004.04.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 15254869
AN - SCOPUS:3142519833
SN - 1053-4296
VL - 14
SP - 259
EP - 266
JO - Seminars in Radiation Oncology
JF - Seminars in Radiation Oncology
IS - 3
ER -