New insights on the interactions between insulin clearance and the main glucose homeostasis mechanisms

Roberto Bizzotto, Domenico Tricò, Andrea Natali, Amalia Gastaldelli, Elza Muscelli, Ralph A. De Fronzo, Silva Arslanian, Ele Ferrannini, Andrea Mari

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Endogenous insulin clearance (EIC) is physiologically reduced at increasing insulin secretion rate (ISR). Computing EIC at the prevailing ISR does not distinguish the effects of hypersecretion from those of other mechanisms of glucose homeostasis. We aimed to measure EIC in standardized ISR conditions (i.e., at fixed ISR levels) and to analyze its associations with relevant physiologic factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We estimated standardized EIC (EICISR) by mathematical modeling in nine different studies with insulin and glucose infusions (N 5 2,067). EICISR association with various traits was analyzed by stepwise multivariable regression in studies with both euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (N 5 1,410). We also tested whether oral glucose ingestion, as opposed to intravenous infusion, has an independent effect on EIC (N 5 1,555). RESULTS Insulin sensitivity (as M/I from the euglycemic clamp) is the strongest determinant of EICISR, approximately four times more influential than insulin resistance–related hypersecretion. EICISR independently associates positively with M/I, fasting and mean OGTT glucose or type 2 diabetes, and β-cell glucose sensitivity and negatively with African American or Hispanic race, female sex, and female age. With oral glucose ingestion, an ISR-independent ~ 10% EIC reduction is necessary to explain the observed insulin concentration profiles. CONCLUSIONS Based on EICISR, we posit the existence of two adaptive processes involving insulin clearance: the first reduces EICISR with insulin resistance (not with higher BMI per se) and is more relevant than the concomitant hypersecretion; the second reduces EICISR with β-cell dysfunction. These processes are dysregulated in type 2 diabetes. Finally, oral glucose ingestion per se reduces insulin clearance.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2115-2123
Number of pages9
JournalDiabetes care
Volume44
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Advanced and Specialized Nursing

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