TY - JOUR
T1 - NADPH oxidase 4 mediates monocyte priming and accelerated chemotaxis induced by metabolic stress
AU - Ullevig, Sarah
AU - Zhao, Qingwei
AU - Lee, Chi Fung
AU - Kim, Hong Seok
AU - Zamora, Debora
AU - Asmis, Reto
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Objective-: Metabolic disorders increase monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced monocyte chemotaxis in mice. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced responsiveness of monocytes to chemoattractants induced by metabolic stress. Methods and Results-: Chronic exposure of monocytes to diabetic conditions induced by human LDL plus high D-glucose concentrations (LDL+HG) promoted NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, increased intracellular H 2O 2 formation, stimulated protein S-glutathionylation, and increased chemotaxis in response to MCP-1, platelet-derived growth factor B, and RANTES. Both H 2O 2 added exogenously and overexpression of Nox4 mimicked LDL+HG-induced monocyte priming, whereas Nox4 knockdown protected monocytes against metabolic stress-induced priming and accelerated chemotaxis. Exposure of monocytes to LDL+HG promoted the S-glutathionylation of actin, decreased the F-actin/G-actin ratio, and increased actin remodeling in response to MCP-1. Preventing LDL+HG-induced protein S-glutathionylation by overexpressing glutaredoxin 1 prevented monocyte priming and normalized monocyte chemotaxis in response to MCP-1. Induction of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6 mice promoted Nox4 expression and protein S-glutathionylation in macrophages, and increased macrophage recruitment into MCP-1-loaded Matrigel plugs implanted subcutaneous in these mice. Conclusion-: By increasing actin-S-glutathionylation and remodeling, metabolic stress primes monocytes for chemoattractant-induced transmigration and recruitment to sites of vascular injury. This Nox4-dependent process provides a novel mechanism through which metabolic disorders promote atherogenesis.
AB - Objective-: Metabolic disorders increase monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced monocyte chemotaxis in mice. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced responsiveness of monocytes to chemoattractants induced by metabolic stress. Methods and Results-: Chronic exposure of monocytes to diabetic conditions induced by human LDL plus high D-glucose concentrations (LDL+HG) promoted NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, increased intracellular H 2O 2 formation, stimulated protein S-glutathionylation, and increased chemotaxis in response to MCP-1, platelet-derived growth factor B, and RANTES. Both H 2O 2 added exogenously and overexpression of Nox4 mimicked LDL+HG-induced monocyte priming, whereas Nox4 knockdown protected monocytes against metabolic stress-induced priming and accelerated chemotaxis. Exposure of monocytes to LDL+HG promoted the S-glutathionylation of actin, decreased the F-actin/G-actin ratio, and increased actin remodeling in response to MCP-1. Preventing LDL+HG-induced protein S-glutathionylation by overexpressing glutaredoxin 1 prevented monocyte priming and normalized monocyte chemotaxis in response to MCP-1. Induction of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6 mice promoted Nox4 expression and protein S-glutathionylation in macrophages, and increased macrophage recruitment into MCP-1-loaded Matrigel plugs implanted subcutaneous in these mice. Conclusion-: By increasing actin-S-glutathionylation and remodeling, metabolic stress primes monocytes for chemoattractant-induced transmigration and recruitment to sites of vascular injury. This Nox4-dependent process provides a novel mechanism through which metabolic disorders promote atherogenesis.
KW - Nox4
KW - chemotaxis
KW - glutaredoxin
KW - macrophages
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U2 - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.238899
DO - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.238899
M3 - Article
C2 - 22095986
AN - SCOPUS:84856229916
VL - 32
SP - 415
EP - 426
JO - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
JF - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
SN - 1079-5642
IS - 2
ER -