Mucosal Melanoma: An Overview of Recent Therapies

Mucosal Melanoma (MM) is an aggressive disease that is distinct from cutaneous melanoma in risk factors, prognosis, and treatment. Surgical treatment is currently the treatment of choice for localized disease; however, the recurrence rate is common. For advanced or metastatic disease, immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors and anti-CTLA is generally first-line treatment, however the overall responses to immunotherapy in MM are often lower and less robust when compared to that observed in cutaneous melanoma. Adoptive-TIL therapy has shown great promise. Other advances, particularly through the exploration of novel and combination therapies, are a step forward and a hope to improve outcomes in patients with mucosal melanoma. In this review, we summarize current treatment options for MM, and we updated future clinical trials available for this population of patients.