TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular cloning of melatonin 3-hydroxylase and its production of cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin in rice (Oryza sativa)
AU - Lee, Kyungjin
AU - Zawadzka, Anna
AU - Czarnocki, Zbigniew
AU - Reiter, Russel J.
AU - Back, Kyoungwhan
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by grants from the Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program (SSAC Project No. PJ01107201), the Rural Development Administration, and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (2010-0020141 and 2014R1A2A1A11050083) through the Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Melatonin is metabolized in animals to cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) not by an enzymatic pathway, but by interaction with hydroxyl radicals. The production of 3-OHM in animals suggests the possible presence of 3-OHM in plants. Prior to the identification of 3-OHM in plants, we directly cloned the corresponding gene(s) responsible for 3-OHM synthesis using Escherichia coli library strains expressing genes belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily from rice. Three of 35 E. coli library strains supplemented with 1 mmol/L melatonin were found to produce 3-OHM in their extracellular medium, suggestive of three 2-ODD genes involved in 3-OHM production. The purified recombinant 2-ODD 11, 2-ODD 26, and 2-ODD 33 proteins were shown to catalyze the metabolism of melatonin to 3-OHM, with 2-ODD 11 showing the highest melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H) catalytic activity. Consistent with the presence of M3H genes, rice leaves supplemented with 5 mmol/L melatonin produced 3-OHM [233 μg/g fresh weight (FW)], 2-hydroxymelatonin (21 μg/g FW), and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (5 μg/g FW). Three M3H transcripts were induced upon the treatment of rice leaves with cadmium followed by an increase in M3H enzyme activity. Cloning of M3H genes in plants has paved the way for the studies of melatonin in plants in terms of its multiple physiological roles.
AB - Melatonin is metabolized in animals to cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM) not by an enzymatic pathway, but by interaction with hydroxyl radicals. The production of 3-OHM in animals suggests the possible presence of 3-OHM in plants. Prior to the identification of 3-OHM in plants, we directly cloned the corresponding gene(s) responsible for 3-OHM synthesis using Escherichia coli library strains expressing genes belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily from rice. Three of 35 E. coli library strains supplemented with 1 mmol/L melatonin were found to produce 3-OHM in their extracellular medium, suggestive of three 2-ODD genes involved in 3-OHM production. The purified recombinant 2-ODD 11, 2-ODD 26, and 2-ODD 33 proteins were shown to catalyze the metabolism of melatonin to 3-OHM, with 2-ODD 11 showing the highest melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H) catalytic activity. Consistent with the presence of M3H genes, rice leaves supplemented with 5 mmol/L melatonin produced 3-OHM [233 μg/g fresh weight (FW)], 2-hydroxymelatonin (21 μg/g FW), and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (5 μg/g FW). Three M3H transcripts were induced upon the treatment of rice leaves with cadmium followed by an increase in M3H enzyme activity. Cloning of M3H genes in plants has paved the way for the studies of melatonin in plants in terms of its multiple physiological roles.
KW - 2-hydroxymelatonin
KW - 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase
KW - N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine
KW - N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine
KW - cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin
KW - melatonin catabolism
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U2 - 10.1111/jpi.12361
DO - 10.1111/jpi.12361
M3 - Article
C2 - 27500558
AN - SCOPUS:84984693465
VL - 61
SP - 470
EP - 478
JO - Journal of Pineal Research
JF - Journal of Pineal Research
SN - 0742-3098
IS - 4
ER -