Modulation of type β transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures by osteotropic hormones

Type β transforming growth factor (TGF-β) activity was found in conditioned medium harvested from fetal rat and neonatal mouse calvariae by using the anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts as an indicator system. Calvariae incubated with parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, and interleukin 1, all factors that stimulate bone resorption, showed a concentration-dependent increase in TGF-β activity in the culture medium. Increases in TGF-β activity persisted undiminished for 48 hr after removal of these factors. The increases in TGF-β activity from the resorbing bone cultured were relatively greater than the increases in bone resorption. Calcitonin inhibition of bone resorption correlated with a decrease in TGF-β activity. Thus, agents that modulate bone resorption also affect TGF-β activity in the bone culture medium. Changes in local concentrations of TGF-β activity by osteotropic hormones may be important in the regulation of normal bone remodeling.