TY - JOUR
T1 - Micronuclei
T2 - A potential intermediate marker for chemoprevention of aerodigestive tract cancer
AU - Benner, Steven E.
AU - Wargovich, Michael J.
AU - Lippman, Scott M.
AU - Hong, Waun K.
PY - 1993
Y1 - 1993
N2 - Because they may be used as a quantifiable estimate of the extent of recent DNA injury, micronuclei, extrachromosomal fragments of DNA, are among the most studied potential intermediate markers of cancer chemoprevention. Serial measurements of micronuclei frequency may be easily performed on scrapings from the oral cavity or on bronchial brushings. Assessment of micronuclei frequency and its response to chemopreventive agents has been incorporated into studies of upper aerodigestive tract and lung cancer chemoprevention. These studies have helped define the characteristics of micronuclei and have suggested a role for this test in future chemoprevention studies. Micronuclei frequency has been shown to be increased in the oral and bronchial mucosa of individuals with known carcinogen exposure and is higher at the site of the greatest carcinogen exposure, such as the site where tobacco quids are held, than in grossly normal‐appearing mucosa. Treatment with chemopreventive agents leads to a reduction in micronuclei frequency. In oral leukoplakia studies, this effect followed treatment with β‐carotene, retinol, α‐tocopherol, and 13‐cis‐retinoic acid. The multistep process of epithelial carcinogenesis results from DNA damage and specific genetic events. That micronuclei reflect ongoing DNA injury suggests the hypothesis that long term suppression of cellular genotoxicity, as reflected by a reduction in micronuclei frequency, ultimately leads to a reduction in cancer incidence.
AB - Because they may be used as a quantifiable estimate of the extent of recent DNA injury, micronuclei, extrachromosomal fragments of DNA, are among the most studied potential intermediate markers of cancer chemoprevention. Serial measurements of micronuclei frequency may be easily performed on scrapings from the oral cavity or on bronchial brushings. Assessment of micronuclei frequency and its response to chemopreventive agents has been incorporated into studies of upper aerodigestive tract and lung cancer chemoprevention. These studies have helped define the characteristics of micronuclei and have suggested a role for this test in future chemoprevention studies. Micronuclei frequency has been shown to be increased in the oral and bronchial mucosa of individuals with known carcinogen exposure and is higher at the site of the greatest carcinogen exposure, such as the site where tobacco quids are held, than in grossly normal‐appearing mucosa. Treatment with chemopreventive agents leads to a reduction in micronuclei frequency. In oral leukoplakia studies, this effect followed treatment with β‐carotene, retinol, α‐tocopherol, and 13‐cis‐retinoic acid. The multistep process of epithelial carcinogenesis results from DNA damage and specific genetic events. That micronuclei reflect ongoing DNA injury suggests the hypothesis that long term suppression of cellular genotoxicity, as reflected by a reduction in micronuclei frequency, ultimately leads to a reduction in cancer incidence.
KW - chemoprevention
KW - intermediate markers
KW - micronuclei
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U2 - 10.1002/jcb.240531037
DO - 10.1002/jcb.240531037
M3 - Article
C2 - 8412201
AN - SCOPUS:0027222123
VL - 53
SP - 250
EP - 254
JO - Journal of supramolecular structure and cellular biochemistry
JF - Journal of supramolecular structure and cellular biochemistry
SN - 0730-2312
IS - S17F
ER -