TY - JOUR
T1 - Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases
T2 - A review
AU - Esteban-Zubero, Eduardo
AU - López-Pingarrón, Laura
AU - Alatorre-Jiménez, Moisés Alejandro
AU - Ochoa-Moneo, Purificación
AU - Buisac-Ramón, Celia
AU - Rivas-Jiménez, Miguel
AU - Castán-Ruiz, Silvia
AU - Antoñanzas-Lombarte, Ángel
AU - Tan, Dun Xian
AU - García, José Joaquín
AU - Reiter, Russel J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the ?Gobierno de Arag?n? (Aging and Oxidative Stress Physiology, grant no. B40) and from the ?Instituto de Salud Carlos III? (RD12/0043/0035). Special acknowledgment also is given to the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio for hosting E.E.Z. during the preparation of this review.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activities of melatonin are mediated by melatonin receptors (MT2), serotonin (5-HT), and cholecystokinin B (CCK2) receptors and via receptor-independent processes. The levels of melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract exceed by 10–100 times the blood concentrations. Also, there is an estimated 400 times more melatonin in the gut than in the pineal gland. Gut melatonin secretion is suggested to be influenced by the food intake. Low dose melatonin treatment accelerates intestinal transit time whereas high doses may decrease gut motility. Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the potential benefits of melatonin as a co-adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBS, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB - Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activities of melatonin are mediated by melatonin receptors (MT2), serotonin (5-HT), and cholecystokinin B (CCK2) receptors and via receptor-independent processes. The levels of melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract exceed by 10–100 times the blood concentrations. Also, there is an estimated 400 times more melatonin in the gut than in the pineal gland. Gut melatonin secretion is suggested to be influenced by the food intake. Low dose melatonin treatment accelerates intestinal transit time whereas high doses may decrease gut motility. Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the potential benefits of melatonin as a co-adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBS, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
KW - Crohn's disease
KW - Gastrointestinal diseases
KW - Irritable bowel syndrome
KW - Melatonin
KW - Necrotizing enterocolitis
KW - Ulcerative colitis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.031
DO - 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.031
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27919824
AN - SCOPUS:85008957112
VL - 170
SP - 72
EP - 81
JO - Life Sciences
JF - Life Sciences
SN - 0024-3205
ER -