TY - JOUR
T1 - Melatonin and cannabinoids
T2 - Mitochondrial-targeted molecules that may reduce inflammaging in neurodegenerative diseases
AU - García, Sebastián
AU - Giménez, Virna Margarita Martín
AU - Marón, Feres José Mocayar
AU - Reiter, Russel J.
AU - Manucha, Walter
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Histology and Histopathology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Generally, the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with advancing age, so they are usually diagnosed in late adulthood. A primary mechanism underlying the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation. Based on this background, the concept of "neuroinflammaging" has emerged. In this deregulated neuroinflammatory process, a variety of immune cells participate, especially glial cells, proinflammatory cytokines, receptors, and subcellular organelles including mitochondria, which are mainly responsible for maintaining redox balance at the cellular level. Senescence and autophagic processes also play a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory disease associated with aging. Of particular interest, melatonin, cannabinoids, and the receptors of both molecules which are closely related, exert beneficial effects on the neuro-inflammatory processes that precede the onset of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Some of these neuroprotective effects are fundamentally related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the mitochondrial level due to the strategic functions of this organelle. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent advances in the study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration associated with age and to consider the use of new mitochondrial therapeutic targets related to the endocannabinoid system and the pineal gland.
AB - Generally, the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with advancing age, so they are usually diagnosed in late adulthood. A primary mechanism underlying the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation. Based on this background, the concept of "neuroinflammaging" has emerged. In this deregulated neuroinflammatory process, a variety of immune cells participate, especially glial cells, proinflammatory cytokines, receptors, and subcellular organelles including mitochondria, which are mainly responsible for maintaining redox balance at the cellular level. Senescence and autophagic processes also play a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory disease associated with aging. Of particular interest, melatonin, cannabinoids, and the receptors of both molecules which are closely related, exert beneficial effects on the neuro-inflammatory processes that precede the onset of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Some of these neuroprotective effects are fundamentally related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the mitochondrial level due to the strategic functions of this organelle. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent advances in the study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration associated with age and to consider the use of new mitochondrial therapeutic targets related to the endocannabinoid system and the pineal gland.
KW - Cannabinoids
KW - Inflammaging
KW - Melatonin
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Neuroinflammation
KW - Neuroprotection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087149044&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85087149044&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.14670/HH-18-212
DO - 10.14670/HH-18-212
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32154907
AN - SCOPUS:85087149044
SN - 0213-3911
VL - 35
SP - 789
EP - 800
JO - Histology and Histopathology
JF - Histology and Histopathology
IS - 8
ER -