Medial Collateral Ligament

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most frequently injured ligaments of the knee. Earlier studies tended to focus primarily on injury to the MCL; however, recent anatomical and biomechanical work has outlined the importance of the posterior oblique ligament and the posterior medial capsule. Although a majority of MCL injuries occur in isolation, complete ruptures are frequently associated with injuries involving the posteromedial structures and cruciate ligaments. Failure to identify and address these associated injuries may lead to persistent instability. Several reparative and reconstructive techniques have been proposed, with the most recent focusing on anatomical reconstruction. This chapter aims to outline the management of MCL injuries and highlight the complications associated with each step.