Measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Traumatic Craniomaxillofacial Injuries: Development of the AO CMF Injury Symptom Battery

Sally E. Jensen, Nan E. Rothrock, Leilani Lacson-Soltysiak, Alexis Olsson, Edward Ellis

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Traumatic craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries are associated with various symptoms/concerns that affect patients’ quality of life. The assessment of outcomes from the patient perspective has been limited by the absence of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures tailored to this patient population. To address this need, we employed a mixed methods, multi-step process to first identify the most important symptoms/concerns and then use this information to construct a PRO symptom battery. Methods: CMF clinicians and patients who had sustained traumatic CMF injuries participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit the symptoms/concerns considered the most important. The data were analyzed using an iterative coding procedure and symptom/concern frequency was tabulated. The findings were used to develop a conceptual model of the most important symptoms to include in a PRO battery. Existing items were modified as needed and new items were drafted to ensure adequate coverage of the symptoms. Results: The resulting AO CMF Injury Symptom Battery includes four modules specific to the injury site (oral, ocular, nasopharyngeal, ear) and five universal modules (pain/sensation, cognitive, cosmetic, psychosocial, and injury impact). Conclusions: The AO CMF Injury Symptom Battery offers promise for assessing symptoms only patients can report on in clinical research and practice. Ongoing research will examine the battery’s psychometric properties.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number7156
JournalJournal of Clinical Medicine
Volume13
Issue number23
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2024

Keywords

  • measure development
  • patient-reported outcome
  • symptom
  • traumatic craniomaxillofacial injury

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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