@article{cc63a5fe087c4e0885f8e12fc237db68,
title = "Mania: Sympathoadrenal function and clinical state",
abstract = "We investigated sympathoadrenal and sympathetic nervous system activity, catecholamine disposition, and clinical state in 19 hospitalized manic patients. Severity of the core manic syndrome, anxiety, and hostility correlated with 24-hour urinary excretion of epinephrine relative to its metabolites, but only weakly with norepinephrine. Agitation, however, correlated most strongly and significantly with norepinephrine. Eight of the patients had mixed states: concurrent manic and depressive syndromes. There were no differences between mixed and pure manic patients with respect to catecholamine or metabolite excretion or precursor/product ratios, but mixed manic patients tended to have higher excretion of norepinephrine and had increased variance with respect to catecholamine measures. These data suggest that the function of the adrenal medulla, whether directly or indirectly, is important in the symptoms of both mixed and pure mania.",
keywords = "Mania, behavior, epinephrine, mixed affective state, norepinephrine",
author = "Swann, {Alan C.} and Secunda, {Steven K.} and Koslow, {Stephen H.} and Katz, {Martin M.} and Bowden, {Charles L.} and Maas, {James W.} and Davis, {John M.} and Eli Robins",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments. This research was supported by grants MH-38084, MH-26975, MH-26977,M H-26978, MH-31921, and MH-26232 from the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. We thank Ms. Thelma Canessa for preparation of the manuscript. The study was done as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression-Biological Studies. It was completed with the cooperation and participation of the Collaborative Program Investigators: S.H. Koslow (Project Director), SK. Secunda (Deputy Project Director), M.M. Katz (Senior Investigator), 1. Hanin (Consultant), B. Harris-Larkin (Protocol Monitor) (NIMH); J.W. Maas (Chairman) (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio); D.E. Redmond, Jr. (Yale University School of Medicine); A. Swann (University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston); J.M. Davis, R. Casper, S. Chang, D. Garver, J. Javaid (Illinois State Psychiatric Institute); J. Mendels, D. Brunswick, A. Frazer, A. Ramsey, S. Stern (Philadelphia VA Medical Center); P.E. Stokes, J. Kocsis (Cornell University Medical College); E. Robins (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis); J. Croughan (Washington University School of Medicine and Jewish Hospital, St. Louis); and CL. Bowden, R. Shulman (The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio).",
year = "1991",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/0165-1781(91)90075-Z",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "37",
pages = "195--205",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
issn = "0165-1781",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
number = "2",
}