Mammographic detection and staging of ductal carcinoma in situ: Mammographic-pathological correlation

The observed incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased substantially because of screening mammography. The majority of DCIS are detected by mammography. DCIS lesions have a wide range of extent and mammographic features with microcalcifications as the most common. There are strong correlations between some mammographic appearances and nuclear grade. However, in general, low nuclear grade or lack of invasive foci cannot be predicted with a high degree of accuracy on the basis of mammographic appearance. Staging mammography for DCIS begins during diagnostic mammography and continues through the wire localization, excision, and pathological evaluation of the entire extent of the DCIS lesion or field. Local staging and specimen management of DCIS warrants systematic quality assurance and collaboration between radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons.