Malignant duodenal obstructions: Palliative treatment using self-expandable nitinol stents

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of fluoroscopic per oral placement of self-expandable nitinol stents in the palliative treatment of malignant duodenal obstructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under fluoroscopic guidance, 82 patients (56 male and 26 female; mean age, 62.3 y) with malignant duodenal obstructions were treated with per oral placement of four types of self-expandable nitinol stents. All patients presented with severe nausea and recurrent vomiting, and their obstructions were inoperable. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 78 of 82 patients (95.1%). After stent placement, food intake capacity improved in 74 of 78 patients (94.9%). Stent migration occurred in one patient 4 days after placement. A covered stent was placed to cover the ampulla of Vater in 15 patients without external biliary drainage; three of them (20%) became jaundiced. During the mean follow-up period of 74.7 days (range, 9-374 d), eight patients developed recurrent obstructive symptoms caused by tumor ingrowth (n = 2) or tumor overgrowth (n = 6). They were successfully treated by additional stent placement. The primary stent patency rates were 97.0%, 79.8%, and 44.0% at 30-, 90-, and 180 days, respectively (mean patency, 228.2 d; 95% CI, 153.9-302.5). CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroscopic per oral placement of self-expandable nitinol stents is an effective palliative treatment for malignant duodenal obstructions.