TY - JOUR
T1 - Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes resistance to glucocorticoid treatment in EAE
AU - Ji, Niannian
AU - Kovalovsky, Andra
AU - Fingerle-Rowson, Günter
AU - Neal Guentzel, M.
AU - Forsthuber, Thomas G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Academy of Neurology.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/10
Y1 - 2015/10
N2 - Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as standard treatment for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, GCs eventually lose efficacy and do not prevent disease progression. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is the only known proinflammatory cytokine induced by GCs that inhibits their anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we investigated whether MIF plays a role in resistance to GC treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Methods: EAE was induced in wild-type (Wt) and MIF knockout (MIF-/-) mice followed by treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) before or upon disease onset. Splenocytes and brain mononuclear cells were harvested for cytokine ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results: Treatment of EAE with Dex was substantially more efficacious in MIF-/- mice than Wt mice. Dex treatment decreased MOG35-55-induced cytokine production by Wt or MIF-/- CD4+ T cells only at the onset of EAE but inhibited upregulation of T-bet during acute and chronic phases of disease, particularly in MIF-/- mice. Furthermore, passive EAE induced by adoptive transfer of T cells showed that Dex was highly effective in ameliorating disease induced by MIF-/- CD4+ T cells but not by Wt CD4+ T cells. The expression of T-bet and VLA-4 was decreased in CD4+ T cells in MIF-/- mice compared with Wt mice. Conclusions: Our data establish MIF as a key molecule in resistance of pathogenic CD4+ T cells to GC treatment in EAE and as a potential target to enhance the effectiveness of steroid treatment in neuroinflammatory disorders.
AB - Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as standard treatment for acute attacks of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, GCs eventually lose efficacy and do not prevent disease progression. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is the only known proinflammatory cytokine induced by GCs that inhibits their anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we investigated whether MIF plays a role in resistance to GC treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Methods: EAE was induced in wild-type (Wt) and MIF knockout (MIF-/-) mice followed by treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) before or upon disease onset. Splenocytes and brain mononuclear cells were harvested for cytokine ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results: Treatment of EAE with Dex was substantially more efficacious in MIF-/- mice than Wt mice. Dex treatment decreased MOG35-55-induced cytokine production by Wt or MIF-/- CD4+ T cells only at the onset of EAE but inhibited upregulation of T-bet during acute and chronic phases of disease, particularly in MIF-/- mice. Furthermore, passive EAE induced by adoptive transfer of T cells showed that Dex was highly effective in ameliorating disease induced by MIF-/- CD4+ T cells but not by Wt CD4+ T cells. The expression of T-bet and VLA-4 was decreased in CD4+ T cells in MIF-/- mice compared with Wt mice. Conclusions: Our data establish MIF as a key molecule in resistance of pathogenic CD4+ T cells to GC treatment in EAE and as a potential target to enhance the effectiveness of steroid treatment in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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U2 - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000139
DO - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000139
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85019950025
VL - 2
SP - e139
JO - Neurology: Neuroimmunology and NeuroInflammation
JF - Neurology: Neuroimmunology and NeuroInflammation
SN - 2332-7812
IS - 5
ER -