@article{d6c7d0e3d2d846f2afa23c69e0928216,
title = "Lithium distribution in mania: Single-dose pharmacokinetics and sympathoadrenal function",
abstract = "We examined lithium distribution after a single dose of 25 mEq in 14 drug-free manic patients. Lithium concentrations were measured in plasma, red blood cells, and urine. Maximum concentrations of lithium, times at which they were attained, and influx and efflux rate constants for extracellular fluid, red blood cell, and muscle-like compartments were estimated using a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Tissue lithium concentrations may continue to increase for hours after plasma lithium concentrations have peaked. Rate constants for absorption, excretion, and influx and efflux for the tissue compartments were similar to those previously reported for normal subjects. Rate constants for transport into and out of the tissue compartments correlated negatively with norepinephrine or epinephrine excretion and positively with the plasma/red cell Na+ gradient. Rate constants for efflux from red blood cell and muscle compartments correlated with measures of adrenocortical function and were higher in dexamethasone nonsuppressors than in suppressors. These data show that distribution of lithium may be related to sympathodrenal activity and Na+ distribution in manic patients.",
keywords = "Mania, catecholamines, lithium, pharmacokinetics",
author = "Swann, {Alan C.} and Nancy Berman and Alan Frazer and Koslow, {Stephen H.} and Maas, {James W.} and Pandey, {Ghanshyam N.} and Steven Secunda",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments. We thank Ms. Darlene Wyche-Alha-De for preparation of the manuscript. This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grants UOI M H-38084, UOI MH-26975, UOI M H-26977, UOI MH-26978, U02 MH-3 1921, and UOI M H-26232. The study was conducted as part of the NIMH-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression-Biological Studies. It was completed with the cooperation and participation of the Collaborative Program Investigators: S.H. Koslow (Project Director), S. Secunda (Deputy Project Director), M.M. Katz (Senior Investigator), I. Hanin (Consultant), B. Harris-Larkin (Protocol Monitor, NIMH); J.W. Maas (Chairman, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio); D.E. Redmond, Jr. (Yale University School of Medicine); A. Swann (University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston); J.M. Davis, R. Casper, S. Chang, D. Garver, and J. Javaid (Illinois State Psychiatric Institute); J. Mendels, D. Brunswick, A. Frazer, A. Ramsey, and S. Stern (Philadelphia VA Medical Center); P.E. Stokes and J. Kocsis (Cornell University Medical College); E. Robins and J. Croughan (Washington University School of Medicine and Jewish Hospital, St. Louis); C. Bowden and R. Shulman (The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio).",
year = "1990",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1016/0165-1781(90)90137-T",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "32",
pages = "71--84",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
issn = "0165-1781",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
number = "1",
}