TY - JOUR
T1 - Latent transforming growth factor-β is produced by chondrocytes and activated by extracellular matrix vesicles upon exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3
AU - Boyan, Barbara D.
AU - Schwartz, Zvi
AU - Park-Snyder, Shaun
AU - Dean, David D.
AU - Yang, Funmei
AU - Twardzik, Daniel
AU - Bonewald, Lynda F.
PY - 1994/11/11
Y1 - 1994/11/11
N2 - Resting zone and growth zone (GC) costochondral chondrocytes constitutively release latent, but not active, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) into the culture medium. When exogenous TGF-β is added to the culture medium, no autocrine effect is observed. However, when 1,25-(OH)2D3 is added, a dose-dependent inhibition of latent TGF-β release is found. Messenger RNA levels for TGF-β1 are unchanged by treatment with either 1,25- (OH)2D3 or TGF-β1. Since active growth factor was not observed in the conditioned medium, we tested the hypothesis that latent TGF-β could be activated in the matrix. GC matrix vesicles, extracellular organelles associated with matrix calcification, were able to activate latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 when preincubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. In contrast, GC plasma membranes activated latent TGF-β, and addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited this activation. The 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent decrease in latent TGF-β in the medium, with no detectable change in mRNA level, and the inhibition of plasma membrane activation of latent TGF-β by 1,25-(OH)2D3 suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may act through post-transcriptional and/or nongenomic mechanisms. The results also suggest that latent TGF-β is activated in the matrix and that 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulates this activation by a direct, nongenomic action on the matrix vesicle membrane.
AB - Resting zone and growth zone (GC) costochondral chondrocytes constitutively release latent, but not active, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) into the culture medium. When exogenous TGF-β is added to the culture medium, no autocrine effect is observed. However, when 1,25-(OH)2D3 is added, a dose-dependent inhibition of latent TGF-β release is found. Messenger RNA levels for TGF-β1 are unchanged by treatment with either 1,25- (OH)2D3 or TGF-β1. Since active growth factor was not observed in the conditioned medium, we tested the hypothesis that latent TGF-β could be activated in the matrix. GC matrix vesicles, extracellular organelles associated with matrix calcification, were able to activate latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 when preincubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. In contrast, GC plasma membranes activated latent TGF-β, and addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited this activation. The 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent decrease in latent TGF-β in the medium, with no detectable change in mRNA level, and the inhibition of plasma membrane activation of latent TGF-β by 1,25-(OH)2D3 suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may act through post-transcriptional and/or nongenomic mechanisms. The results also suggest that latent TGF-β is activated in the matrix and that 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulates this activation by a direct, nongenomic action on the matrix vesicle membrane.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 7961777
AN - SCOPUS:0028030079
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 269
SP - 28374
EP - 28381
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 45
ER -